预测野火蔓延对于土地管理和灾害准备至关重要。为此，我们呈现“第二天野火蔓延，”一种策划，大规模的多变量数据集，历史野火的历史野火占据了美国近十年的遥感数据。与基于地球观测卫星的现有火灾数据集相比，我们的数据集合了2D解释性变量（例如，地形，植被，天气，干旱指数，人口密度）与2D区域对齐，提供了丰富的数据为机器学习设置。为了演示该数据集的有用性，我们实现了一个卷积的AutoEncoder，它利用了该数据的空间信息来预测野火扩散。我们将神经网络与其他机器学习模型的性能进行比较：Logistic回归和随机林。该数据集可以用作基于遥感数据开发野火传播模型的基准，以便有一天的提前期。

The advances in Artificial Intelligence are creating new opportunities to improve lives of people around the world, from business to healthcare, from lifestyle to education. For example, some systems profile the users using their demographic and behavioral characteristics to make certain domain-specific predictions. Often, such predictions impact the life of the user directly or indirectly (e.g., loan disbursement, determining insurance coverage, shortlisting applications, etc.). As a result, the concerns over such AI-enabled systems are also increasing. To address these concerns, such systems are mandated to be responsible i.e., transparent, fair, and explainable to developers and end-users. In this paper, we present ComplAI, a unique framework to enable, observe, analyze and quantify explainability, robustness, performance, fairness, and model behavior in drift scenarios, and to provide a single Trust Factor that evaluates different supervised Machine Learning models not just from their ability to make correct predictions but from overall responsibility perspective. The framework helps users to (a) connect their models and enable explanations, (b) assess and visualize different aspects of the model, such as robustness, drift susceptibility, and fairness, and (c) compare different models (from different model families or obtained through different hyperparameter settings) from an overall perspective thereby facilitating actionable recourse for improvement of the models. It is model agnostic and works with different supervised machine learning scenarios (i.e., Binary Classification, Multi-class Classification, and Regression) and frameworks. It can be seamlessly integrated with any ML life-cycle framework. Thus, this already deployed framework aims to unify critical aspects of Responsible AI systems for regulating the development process of such real systems.

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have recently emerged as a promising learning paradigm in learning graph-structured data and have demonstrated wide success across various domains such as recommendation systems, social networks, and electronic design automation (EDA). Like other deep learning (DL) methods, GNNs are being deployed in sophisticated modern hardware systems, as well as dedicated accelerators. However, despite the popularity of GNNs and the recent efforts of bringing GNNs to hardware, the fault tolerance and resilience of GNNs has generally been overlooked. Inspired by the inherent algorithmic resilience of DL methods, this paper conducts, for the first time, a large-scale and empirical study of GNN resilience, aiming to understand the relationship between hardware faults and GNN accuracy. By developing a customized fault injection tool on top of PyTorch, we perform extensive fault injection experiments to various GNN models and application datasets. We observe that the error resilience of GNN models varies by orders of magnitude with respect to different models and application datasets. Further, we explore a low-cost error mitigation mechanism for GNN to enhance its resilience. This GNN resilience study aims to open up new directions and opportunities for future GNN accelerator design and architectural optimization.

Memes are powerful means for effective communication on social media. Their effortless amalgamation of viral visuals and compelling messages can have far-reaching implications with proper marketing. Previous research on memes has primarily focused on characterizing their affective spectrum and detecting whether the meme's message insinuates any intended harm, such as hate, offense, racism, etc. However, memes often use abstraction, which can be elusive. Here, we introduce a novel task - EXCLAIM, generating explanations for visual semantic role labeling in memes. To this end, we curate ExHVV, a novel dataset that offers natural language explanations of connotative roles for three types of entities - heroes, villains, and victims, encompassing 4,680 entities present in 3K memes. We also benchmark ExHVV with several strong unimodal and multimodal baselines. Moreover, we posit LUMEN, a novel multimodal, multi-task learning framework that endeavors to address EXCLAIM optimally by jointly learning to predict the correct semantic roles and correspondingly to generate suitable natural language explanations. LUMEN distinctly outperforms the best baseline across 18 standard natural language generation evaluation metrics. Our systematic evaluation and analyses demonstrate that characteristic multimodal cues required for adjudicating semantic roles are also helpful for generating suitable explanations.

We consider the problem of learning the structure underlying a Gaussian graphical model when the variables (or subsets thereof) are corrupted by independent noise. A recent line of work establishes that even for tree-structured graphical models, only partial structure recovery is possible and goes on to devise algorithms to identify the structure up to an (unavoidable) equivalence class of trees. We extend these results beyond trees and consider the model selection problem under noise for non tree-structured graphs, as tree graphs cannot model several real-world scenarios. Although unidentifiable, we show that, like the tree-structured graphs, the ambiguity is limited to an equivalence class. This limited ambiguity can help provide meaningful clustering information (even with noise), which is helpful in computer and social networks, protein-protein interaction networks, and power networks. Furthermore, we devise an algorithm based on a novel ancestral testing method for recovering the equivalence class. We complement these results with finite sample guarantees for the algorithm in the high-dimensional regime.

Many scientific domains gather sufficient labels to train machine algorithms through human-in-the-loop techniques provided by the Zooniverse.org citizen science platform. As the range of projects, task types and data rates increase, acceleration of model training is of paramount concern to focus volunteer effort where most needed. The application of Transfer Learning (TL) between Zooniverse projects holds promise as a solution. However, understanding the effectiveness of TL approaches that pretrain on large-scale generic image sets vs. images with similar characteristics possibly from similar tasks is an open challenge. We apply a generative segmentation model on two Zooniverse project-based data sets: (1) to identify fat droplets in liver cells (FatChecker; FC) and (2) the identification of kelp beds in satellite images (Floating Forests; FF) through transfer learning from the first project. We compare and contrast its performance with a TL model based on the COCO image set, and subsequently with baseline counterparts. We find that both the FC and COCO TL models perform better than the baseline cases when using >75% of the original training sample size. The COCO-based TL model generally performs better than the FC-based one, likely due to its generalized features. Our investigations provide important insights into usage of TL approaches on multi-domain data hosted across different Zooniverse projects, enabling future projects to accelerate task completion.

Long-range context modeling is crucial to both dialogue understanding and generation. The most popular method for dialogue context representation is to concatenate the last-$k$ previous utterances. However, this method may not be ideal for conversations containing long-range dependencies. In this work, we propose DialoGX, a novel encoder-decoder based framework for conversational response generation with a generalized and explainable context representation that can look beyond the last-$k$ utterances. Hence the method is adaptive to conversations with long-range dependencies. The main idea of our approach is to identify and utilize the most relevant historical utterances instead of the last-$k$ utterances in chronological order. We study the effectiveness of our proposed method on both dialogue generation (open-domain) and understanding (DST) tasks. DialoGX achieves comparable performance with the state-of-the-art models on DailyDialog dataset. We also observe performance gain in existing DST models with our proposed context representation strategy on MultiWOZ dataset. We justify our context representation through the lens of psycholinguistics and show that the relevance score of previous utterances agrees well with human cognition which makes DialoGX explainable as well.

旨在进行巴氏杀菌和量化特定现象的任何方法都必须包括使用强大的统计方法进行数据分析。考虑到这一点，这项研究的目的是介绍非参数非均匀数据框架中可能采用的统计方法，并检查其在自然语言处理和语言集群领域的应用。此外，本文讨论了语言数据挖掘和处理中非参数方法的许多用途。数据深度思想允许在任何维度上进行中心排序，从而导致新的非参数多元统计分析，该分析不需要任何分布假设。层次结构的概念用于历史语言分类和结构化，其目的是使用相同的前提将语言组织和聚集到亚家族中。在这方面，当前的研究提出了一种基于通过各种语言的单词类型结构产生的非参数方法的语言家族结构的新方法，然后使用MDS将其转换为笛卡尔框架。这种基于统计深度的架构允许使用基于数据深度的方法来实现强大的离群检测，这对于理解各种边界语言的分类非常有用，并允许对现有分类系统进行重新评估。其他基于深度的方法也适用于无监督和监督聚类等过程。因此，本文概述了可以在非参数框架中应用于非均匀语言分类系统的过程。

我们引入了一个新的差异隐私（DP）会计师，称为鞍点会计师（SPA）。SPA以准确而快速的方式近似保证DP机制的组成。我们的方法是受鞍点法的启发，这是一种统计中无处不在的数值技术。通过为SPA提供的近似误差，我们通过得出上限和下限来证明性能的严格保证。水疗中心的关键是与中心极限定理的大型探空方法的组合，我们通过指数倾斜与DP机制相对应的隐私损失随机变量来得出。水疗中心的一个关键优点是，它可以在$ n $折叠机制的$ n $折叠组成下持续运行。数值实验表明，水疗中心的准确性与更快的运行时的最新会计方法相当。

在本文中，我们提出了一种新的青光眼分类方法，该方法在最佳增强的视网膜图像特征上采用小波神经网络（WNN）。为了避免眼科医生对视网膜图像进行乏味和错误的手动分析，计算机辅助诊断（CAD）实质上有助于强大的诊断。我们的目标是以新的方法引入CAD系统。视网膜图像质量改进尝试分为两个阶段。视网膜图像预处理阶段通过基于分位数的直方图修饰来改善图像的亮度和对比度。其次是图像增强阶段，该阶段涉及使用图像特异性动态结构元素以进行视网膜结构富集。基于图形的视网膜图像特征在本地图结构（LGS）和图形最短路径（GSP）统计数据以及增强视网膜数据集的统计特征以及统计特征中提取。 WNN用于将青光眼视网膜图像与合适的小波活化函数分类。将WNN分类器的性能与具有各种数据集的多层感知器神经网络进行了比较。结果表明，我们的方法优于现有方法。